12. IDENTIFICATION OF IMPORTANT INSECTICIDAL PLANTS



IDENTIFICATION OF IMPORTANT INSECTICIDAL PLANTS
1.      Neem / Margosa: Azadirachta indica: Meliaceae
Description: Perennial Tree, pinnate leaves with short petioles and have white, fragrant flowers. Fruits are smooth, elongate oval to round shaped. The tree is regarded as “village dispensary” in India.
Active ingredients: Azardiractin, Nimbicidine.
Properties: Antifeedent or phagodeterrent, oviposition deterrent, Insect growth regulators, ovicide.
2.      Indian privet/Nochi/Five leaved chastle tree. Vitex negundo: Lamiaceae
Description: It is much branched aromatic qudranagular, densely whitish branchlets, upto 5 m tall or sometimes a small, slender tree it has thin grey dark, slightly whitish green leaves. Flowers are bluish purple, round egg shaped fruit, black or purple when ripe.
Active ingredients       :           b-caryophylene,Viridifloral    , eudesmol
Properties                    :           Insect repellent
3. Adathoda               : Justicia adhatoda : Acanthaceae
Description: It is a shrub with lance shaped leaves, arranged oppositely, smooth edged with short petiole.
Active ingredients: Vasicine (a quinazoline alkaloid)
Properties: Ovicide, oviposition deterrant, antifeedant, acaricide, fungicide, Antibacteria.
4. Vasambu/sweet flag: Acorus calamus :Acoraceae
Description: It is a tall, perennial wetland monocot, flowering plant with scented leaves and strongly scented rhizomes
Active ingredients: Asarone (an ether)
Properties: Insecticide, Bactericide, Fungicide.
5. Ginger: Zingiber officinale: Zingiberacea
Description: It is a perennial plant with annual leafy stems. It produces clusters of white and pink flower buds that bloom into yellow flowerets.
Active ingredients: Gingerols and Shogaols
Property: Insecticide
6. Hill Neem/ Malaivembu: Melia dubia : Meliaceae
Description: A large tree attaining a height of 20 m with a spreading crown and a cylindrical straight pole.
Active ingredients:  Azadirachtin
Properties: Antifeedent or phagodeterrent, oviposition deterrent, Insect growth regulators, ovicide.
7. Garlic: Allium sativum: Amaryllidacea
Description: It is a bulbous plant, grows up to two feet height.
Active ingredients : Diallyl disulfide and Diallyl trisulfide
Property: Ovicide, Repellant, Insecticide, Nematicide, Fungicide, Acaricide.
8.Chrysanthemum/mums/Chrysanths:Crysanthemum cinerariaefolium: Compositae
Description: It is a perennial flowering plant.
Active ingredients: Pyethrum/Pyrethrin
Property: Contact insecticide
9. Pungam/Karanja: Pongamia glabra : Fabaceae
Active ingredients: Karanjin (a flavonoid)
Property: Oviposition detterant, ovicide, fungicide.
Description: It is an evergreen, medium sized glabours tree. It reaches 15-18 pm height, with shot pole and spreading crown. Compound pinkish white or lilac colored flowers, thick, oval/ reniform pod with oily, reddish single seed.
10. Ocimum: Holi Basil/Tulsi :Ocimum tenuiflorum: Lamiaceae
Description: Thulsi is an erect, much branched sub shrub 30-60 cm tall with hairy stems and simple, opposite green leaves that are strongly scented. Flowers are purplish in elongate racemes in close whorls.
Active ingredients:Carrocrol, Rosmarinic acid, Linalool.
Property: Repellant
11. Turmeric: Curcuma longa :Zingiberaceae
Description: It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant.It is known as “Indian saffron”.
Active ingredients: Curcumin (a poly phenol), Curcuma oil contains Turmerone and Turmerol.
Properties: Antifeedant,Insecticide,Mosquito repellant, Fungicide, Bactericide.
12. Onion / Bulb onion/Common onion: Allium cepa: Amaryllidaceae
Description: It is a biennial plant but usually green & fleshy, hollow and cylindrical with one flattened side. Base of each leaf is flattened, usually white sheath that grown out of a basal disc, a bundle of fibrous roots extends for a short way into the soil.
Active ingredients: Linolic acid, Oleic acid.
Properties: Insect repellant, Insecticide, Fungicide, Antivirus
13. Chill/Chill pepper: Capsicum annum: Solanaceae
Description: It is a perennial with small, tapering fruits often 2-3 at a node. Fruits are very pungent. The flowers are greenish white or yellowish white.
Active ingredients: Capsicin
Properties: Oviposition deterrent, Insecticide and Insect repellent.
14. Milk weed plant/Erukku: Calotropis gigantea: Apocynaceae
Description: Large Shrub produce clusters of waxy flowers.
Active ingredients: Calotoxin and Caloropin
Properties: Oviposition deterrent, Antifeedant, Antibacteria, Fungicide,Acaricide.
15. Thorn apple/Datura: Datura stramonium : Solanaceae.
Description: It is a shrub.
Active ingredients: Hyoscyamine,Atropine.
Properties: Ovicide, Antifeedant, Fungicide, Insecticide, Acaricide, Rodenticide.
16. Kattu aamanakku/ Peyaamanakku: Jatropha curcas : Euphorbiaceae.
Description: It is a poisonous, semi evergreen shrub or small tree.
Active ingredients: Curcin, Root contains rotenone.
Properties: Leaf powder used as Horse fly repellant.

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