15. IDENTIFICATION OF PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS

identification of PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS

PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS:

Formulation is a homogeneous and stable mixture of active and inert ingredients which make the final product simpler, safer, and more efficacious to apply to a target pest.

The role of inert material in a formulation may vary. It may act as carrier or diluents. Formulation aids such as solvent, wetting agent, dispersing agent, anticaking agent, emulsifier, adjuvant, filler, sticker, deactivator and de-dusting agent are included in the formulations for a specific function.  

Types of formulations:

1. Dust (D) / (DP)      

An insecticide dust is a dry formulation. It is a powder. It cannot be mixed with water.

Ø  Technical grade + carrier (Talc, lime, silicate, gypsum etc.)

Ø  Eg. Sevin 5% D, Methyl parathion 2% DP

Ø  Newer improved formulation type is Dustless Dust  (DL)

2. Wettable powder (WP)

A wettable powder looks very similar to a dust formulation. However, it is designed to be mixed with water at the time of application. Wettable powder does not dissolve in water; instead, it becomes suspended in water, and must be continuously agitated in order to avoid separation in the spray tank.

Ø    Technical grade + carrier + Formulation aids  (Wetting agent, Dispersing agent, anticaking agent)

Ø    Eg. Captan 50 WP, Sevin 50 WP

3. Soluble powder (SP)

          Dry powder designed to be mixed with water to form a solution and therefore it is not like a wettable powder. A soluble powder dissolves when mixed with water.  Does not need agitation in the spray tank.

Ø  Water soluble Technical grade + carrier (base salts and buffers)

Ø  Eg . Acephate 75S,  Sevin 80S

4. Granule (G)

Granule is a dry formulation. This formulation appears as small pellets or granules.

Ø  Technical grade + carrier + Formulation aids

Ø   Carrier (Mineral carriers include sand, limestone, gypsum, kaolin, montmorillonite, attapulgite, diatomite, etc. Organic carriers include corn cobs, pecan shells, peanut hulls, recycled paper fiber, etc. Miscellaneous carriers include granulated animal waste and plastics)

Ø  Formulation aids such as solvents, stickers, deactivators and de-dusting agents are included in this formulations.

Ø   Production methods usually involve spraying the pesticide onto the granules while the granules are agitated for even distribution (fused or impregnated)

Ø  Eg. Furadan 3G, Thimet 10G, Sevin2G                    

Ø  Newer improved formulations are Micro Granules    (MG) -100 – 200 µ ,  Controlled release granules (CR), Encapsulated granules  (CG)

5. Water Dispersible Granules (WG /WDG)

This formulation appears as small pellets or granules. When the granules are mixed with spray water, they break apart and, with agitation, the active ingredient becomes distributed throughout the spray mixture.

Ø  Technical grade +  carrier + Formulation aids (Wetting agent,  Dispersing agent, Disintegrating agent)

Ø  Agglomerated granules today typically come as WDGs (water dispersible granules).

Ø  Processes used to produce are extrusion (high or low pressure), pan agglomeration, pin agglomeration, compaction, spray-drying and fluidized bed agglomeration.

Ø  Eg. Deltamethrin

6. Dry Flowables (DF)

           

A dry, granular pesticide formulation intended to be mixed with water for application.

Ø  Technical grade +  carrier + Formulation aids (Wetting agent)

Ø  Small spheres, flow like liquid

Ø  Packed in water soluble poly vinyl alcohol bags in pre measured quantities

Ø  Eg. Abamectin 0.004

 7. Soluble liquids (SL)

Active ingredients which dissolve readily in water (usually salts of a compounds) can be formulated as soluble liquids (SL).

Ø  Technical grade + Formulation aids (wetting agents + adjuvant)

Ø  Eg.Spicphos, Monocil 50SL

Ø  Newer improved formulation type is Capsule suspension (CS)

Ø  Eg.Lambda cyhalothrin 9.7 CS

Ø  Microencapsulated suspension contains  a polymer as a coating

8. Emulsifiable concentrate(EC)

           The active ingredient is dissolved in an organic solvent and is clear (but often with color). Designed to be mixed with water at the time of application. The resulting mixture is an emulsion, that is, the two liquids do not effectively mix, but one is suspended as tiny droplets within the other, like an oil-and-water or oil-and-vinegar based. The spray mixture must be constantly agitated or the pesticide will separate from the water.

Ø  Technical grade + organic solvents + emulsifiers (Alkaline soaps, esters etc.)

Ø  Eg. Rogor 20 EC,

Ø  Newer improved formulation types are Emulsion concentrate (EW), Micro emulsion (ME), Gels (GL), Suspension Concentrate / Flowables  (SC / OF)

9. Fumigant

Ø  Technical grade (volatile) + carrier

Ø  Eg. Celphos (Solid fumigant)

Ø  Ethylene di bromide (Liquid fumigant)

10.  Aerosols

Ø  Technically, an aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Normally inert gases are used.

11. ULV concentrates

Ø  Highly concentrated insecticides

Ø  Malathion ULV concentrates (malathion 96.50% + inert materials 3.50%)

12. Insecticidal coils

Ø  A combustible pesticidal product is disclosed which comprises a structural element formed from a pulp of organic fibrous material, cellulose fibres, wood free fibres or mixtures thereof, the product including one or more pesticides which product on combustion emanates the pesticide into the atmosphere.

Ø  The combustible product will be a mosquito coil, which has been impregnated with one or more insecticides effective against mosquitoes. On combustion of the coil, insecticide is emanated into the atmosphere for a period of 7-8 hours.

13. Bait

Ø  Technical grade is mixed with or coated on food grains or broken grains

Ø  Eg. Roban wheat based bait, Roban wax blocks.