18. SAFE HANDLING OF PESTICIDES


SAFE HANDLING OF PESTICIDES
Label information 
v  Trade name and chemical name
v  Manufacturer address
v  Formulation type
v  Net weight
v  Date of manufacture and expiry
v  Warning symbols and antidotes
v  Directions for use, dose, target pests.


Toxicity Range



1. Storage of pesticides:
v  Store house should be away from population areas, wells, domestic water storage, tanks.
v  All pesticides should be stored in their original labelled containers in tightly sealed condition.
v  Store away from the reach of children, away from flames and keep them under lock and   key.
2. Personal protective equipment
v  Protective clothing that covers arms, legs, nose and head to protect the skin.
v  Gloves and boots to protect hands and feet.
v  Helmets, goggles and facemask to protect hair, eyes and nose. 
Respirator to avoid breathing dusts, mists and vapour.

3. Safety in application of pesticides
       Safe handling of pesticides involves proper selection and careful handling during mixing and application.
a) Pesticide selection: Selection of a pesticide depends on the type of pest, damage, losses caused, cost etc.
b) Safety before application:
v  Read the label and leaflet carefully.
v  Calculate the required quantity of pesticides.
v  Wear protective clothing and equipment before handling.
v  Avoid spillage and prepare spray fluid in well ventilated area.
v  Stand in the direction of the wind on back when mixing pesticides.
v  Do not eat, drink or smoke during mixing.
v  Dispose of the containers immediately after use.
c) Safety during application
v  Wear protective clothing and equipment.
v  Spray should be done in windward direction.
v  Apply correct coverage.
v  Do not blow, suck or apply mouth to any spray nozzle.
v  Check the spray equipment before use for any leakage.
d) Safety after application
v  Empty the spray tank completely after spraying.
v  Avoid the draining the contaminated solution in ponds, well or on the grass where cattle graze.
v  Clean the spray equipment immediately after use.
v  Decontaminate protective clothing and foot wear.
v  Wash the hands thoroughly with soap water, preferably have a bath.
v  Dispose  the containers by putting into a pit.
v  Sprayed field must be marked and unauthorized entry should be prevented.

Symptoms of poisoning

Groups of pesticides
Symptoms of poisoning
Arsenicals
Throat tightness, acute stomach pain, urination and vomitting
Zinc phosphide
Frequent vomitting, respiratory disturbance
Aluminium phosphide, Bromodialone
Bleeding, improper heart beat
Chlorinated hydrocarbons and organochlorines
Muscle twisting, fits, severe headache, unconsiousness
Organophosphorus
Watering eyes, running nose, breathlessness, blurred vision, vomitting, abdominal pain
Thiocyanides
Giddiness, headache
Synthetic pyrethroids
Fits, muscle twisting

First aid: In cane of suspected poisoning; call on the physician immediately. Before
                  calling on a doctor, first aid treatments can be done by any person.
Swallowed poison
v  During vomiting, head should be faced downwards.
v  Stomach content should be removed within 4 h of poisoning.
v  To give a soothing effect, give either egg mixed with water, gelatin, butter, cream, milk, mashed potato.
v  In case of nicotine poisoning, give coffee or strong tea.
Skin contamination
v  Contaminated clothes should be removed.
v  Thoroughly wash with soap and water.
Inhaled poison
v  Person should be moved to a ventilated place after losing the tight cloths.
v  Avoid applying frequent pressure on the chest.

III. Antidotes and other medicine for treatment in pesticide poisoning

S.No.
Antidote / Medicine
Used in poisoning due to
       1
Common salt (Sodium chloride)
Stomach poison in general
       2
Universal antidote:
Activated charcoal (7g)
Magnesium oxide (3.5g)
Tannic acid (3.5g) in warm water
Stomach poison in general
       3
Gelatin (18 g in water) or Flour or milk
powder (or) Sodium thiosulphate
Stomach poison in general
.       4
Calcium gluconate
Chlorinated insecticide, Carbon
tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride,
Mercurial compound
.       5
Phenobarbital (or) Pentobarbital
intravenous administration
Stomach poison of chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides
.       6
Sodium bicarbonate
Stomach poison of
organophosphate compounds
.       7
Atropine sulphate (2-4 mg
intramuscular / intravenous
administration) or PAM (Pyridine-Z
aldoxime-N-methliodide)
Organophosphate Compounds
.       8
Atropine sulphate (2-4 mg
intramuscular / intravenous
administration)
Carbamates
.       9
Phenobarbital
Synthetic pyrethroid
.     10
Potassium permanganate
Nicotine, Zinc phosphide
  .   11
Vitamin K1 and K2
Warfarin, Zinc phosphide
      12
Epinephrine
Methlyl bromide
      13
Methyl nitrite ampoule
Cyanides


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