19. PESTICIDE APPLIANCES

PESTICIDE APPLIANCES

                      Selection of equipments is based on

                      

                        1. Pest to be controlled

                        2. Stage of the crop

                        3. Formulation of pesticide

Other appliances

Ø  Soil injector                                     - For applying liquid formulations

Ø  Granule applicator               - For applying granule formulations

Ø  Bird scarer                           - For driving away birds

Ø  Flame thrower                                 - For producing flames

Ø  Seed dressing machine        - For coating seeds with chemicals

Ø  Slurry seed treatment machine- For preparing a slurry

A. DUSTERS

1. Plunger duster

v  Dust chamber with a deflector gap, cylinder with piston rod and handle

v  Working of handle produces air blast & expels out dust through deflector gap.

v  Spot application

v  Puff of dust delivered

2. Bellows duster

v  A pair of leather bellows, dust chamber with deflector gap, wooden handle

v  Working of handle produces air blast and it expels out the dust

v  Dust container - 2-5 kg capacity

v  Spot application

v  Puff of dust delivered

3. Rotary duster or Fan duster or Crank duster

v  Blower (fan), dust chamber (hopper) (4-5 kg capacity) with an agitator, handle,  adjustable orifice, delivery tube

v  Blower and agitator connected with gear

v  While operating the handle, air current is produced by the blower

v  Agitator prevents caking and feed the dust uniformly on the blower

v  Air draws the dust from the hopper and expels through the delivery tube

v  Efficiency 1- 1.5 hectares per day

v  Back mounted, Belly mounted and shoulder mounted models

v  Field crops, vegetables, bushes in orchards

v  Uniform and continuous delivery

4. Power operated dusters

v  Using engines (1 to 3 HP or 15-75 HP)

v  To cover larger areas and tall trees

v  Suitable for locust control

B. SPRAYERS

            Atomize the fluid into small droplets

Parts of a sprayer

v  Tank    - For holding spray fluid. May be brass, stainless steel, fibre glass      or plastic Filler hole with stainers or filters

v  Pump                           - To develop pressure

v  Agitator                       - For uniform discharge

v  Pressure chamber        - Only found in pneumatic sprayers

v  Hose                            - To supply liquid from tank to spray lance

v  Suction hose                - To supply liquid to spray lance (only in hydraulic type)

v  Spray lance                  - 36 to 90 cm long, fitted with nozzle and cut-off device

v  Boom                          - Lance with more than one nozzle (Not in all sprayers)

v  Nozzles                       - To disintegrate spray fluid into fine particles

                                   

Nozzles

Nozzles are used to disintegrate spray fluid into fine particles.

Parts of a nozzle: Body, cap, orifice plate / disc, swirl plate, seal & spacer (washers) and

                              Strainers.

Types

            Jet nozzles -     Simple exit holes which shatters jet like coarse drops

            Flat fan nozzles - Spray pattern in the form of flat sheet

            Cone nozzle -  Spray pattern in the form of hollow or solid cone

            Triple action nozzle

1. Hand syringe

v  Liquid is drawn and delivered by the action of piston through the nozzle

v  Potted plants, spot application, household use, kitchen gardens

2. Hand sprayer (Ganesh sprayer)

v  500 ml capacity

v  Kitchen gardens, glasshouses, small experimental plots

Fill the tank 3/4th of its capacity.

3. Knapsack sprayer

v  Capacity 10 to 20 litres

v  Fill the tank 3/4th of its capacity

v  Operate the lever before spraying

v  Used for field crops, mosquito control

4. Bucket sprayer or stirrup pump

v  Consists of  either  a  double action pump (two cylinder) or single action pump (one cylinder)

v  Fluid placed in the bucket

v  Continuous (Double action pump) or discontinuous (single action pump) discharge of fluid

v  Small areas for field crops, or in orchards

5. Rocker  sprayer

v  Pressue built in the pressure chamber by rocking movement of the lever

v  Fluid placed in a bucket.  For tall trees (Upto 5 m height)

6. Foot sprayer or pedal pump

v  Operated by the foot of the operator

v  Continuous pumping is necessary to discharge the liquid 

For tall trees (Upto 4 m height). 

Mist blower cum duster

v  Chemical tank 7-12 litres capacity

v  Fuel tank 2-3 litres capacity

v  Blower assembly with engine

Ø  Engine-1.2 to 3 H.P. 

Ø  Fuel 0.5 - 2.5 lit.petrol/ hr

Ø  Air 6.8-42.5 m³/min

Ø  Speed 200-420 kms velocity/hr

Ø  Discharge rate 0.5-1.5 lit/min

Ø  Add 50 ml of 2T oil/lit of  petrol

v  Carburator

v  Sprak plug

v  Starter pulley

v  Locking strap                                - to fit the sprayer on the back of the operator

v  Cushion and rubber packings        - to prevent vibrations

v  Liquid delivery hose                     - to supply liquid from tank to shear nozzle

v  Pleted hose                                    - to supply air

v  Leave half litre empty space in the tank

v  Part of air from blower create pressure over the liquid in the tank

v  Droplet size - 50 to 100 m

v  Efficiency 3 ha/day

It can be converted as a duster by fitting

1. Mushroom agitator              - Inside the chemical tank

2. Dust inlet pipe                     - Inside the chemical tank

3. Dust outlet pipe                  - Detach the delivery hose and fix dust outlet pipe

To start

v  Open fuel cock

v  Keep the throttle lever to 1/3 speed position

v  Close the air choke

v  Wind the rope around the pulley and pull it briskly

v  When engine starts, open the air choke, adjust the throttle lever

To stop

v  Cut the flow for spray fluid

v  Cut off the fuel

Ultralow volume sprayer

v  Batteries (2 to 7) fitted inside spray handle

v  Chemical container (½ lit capacity) and 5 lit backpack also available

v  Batteries rotate the spinning disc at high speed

v  Feeding nozzle allows the liquid drop by drop to the spinning atomizer disc

v  Centrifugal force gives fine mist like spray

v  Efficiency - 1 ha/2.5 hrs

v  Droplet size - 20 to 150 microns

v  3-8 litres of spray fluid/ha

v  Light weight, easy to use

v  Uniform droplets, no run off

v  20 acres/one battery set.

OTHER APPLIANCES

Soil injectors

v        Cylindrical tank          1-3 lit. capacity

v        Nozzle                         12-22 cms long

v        Thrust handle              to thrust the nozzle into the soil

v        Injector handle            to eject the fluid

v        Efficiency                   0.5 ha/day

v        Suitable for soil nematodes

Granule applicator

v        Hand granule applicator

      Plastic hopper - 1.5 kg capacity, Discs regulates the flow

v        Knapsack granule applicator

      Plastic hopper - 10 kg capacity

Palm tree granule applicator

v  Hopper divided into two chambers with inlet and outlet

v  3 m long lance with steel blade and trigger

v  At resting position of trigger, inlet of hopper opens and outlet closed

v  Pressing of trigger opens the outlet and closes the inlet of hopper

Bird scarer

v  To scare away the birds and wild animals

v  Calcium carbide react with water and produce acetylene gas

v  Gas accumulates in the valve and explodes in high pressure producing loud noise

v  Frequency of noise regulated by water flow (2/min or 1/5 min)  1 unit/2 hectares

Flame thrower

v        Ordinary pneumatic sprayer with metal burner

v        Kerosene is used to produce flame

v        Burning of locusts, mass of caterpillars and patches of weeds

Gel applicator gun: Gel applicator gun for applying gel baits for cockroaches and ants.