6. COMPONENTS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT


6. COMPONENTS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
i. Cultural method or use of agronomic practices
         1. Crop rotation                          5. Pruning or thinning
         2. Crop refuses destruction        6. Fertilizer management
         3. Tillage of soil                         7. Water management
         4. Variation in time of                8. Intercropping planting or harvesting 9. Trap crop

ii. Host plant resistance - Antixenosis, antibiosis, tolerance
iii. Mechanical methods of pest control
1. Hand destruction                  2. Exclusion by screens, barriers
3. Trapping, suction devices, collecting machine
4. Crushing and grinding
iv. Physical methods
1. Heat                                                                            2. Cold
3. Energy - light trap, irradiation, light regulation         4. Sound
v. Biological methods
1. Protection and encouragement of NE
2. Introduction, artificial increase and colonizing specific parasitoids and predators. 
 3. Pathogens on insects like virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa
4. Use of botanicals like neem, pungam, etc.
vi. Chemical methods
1. Attractants
2. Repellents
3. Insecticides - OC, OP, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.
4. Insect growth inhibitors
5. Chemosterilants
vii.Behavioural methods
1. Pheromones
2. Allelochemics
viii. Genetic/biotechnology method
- Release of genetically incompatible/sterile pests
- Transgenic plant
ix. Regulatory/legal method
- Plant/animal quarantine
- Eradication and suppression programme

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